Evaluasi Pengaruh Model Kerja Hybrid Terhadap Kinerja dan Keterlibatan Karyawan : Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70404/jimbi.v1i02.310Keywords:
Kerja Hibrida, Kinerja Karyawan, Keterlibatan Karyawan, Kelelahan Digital, Keseimbangan Kerja, manajemen SDMAbstract
Pendahuluan: Transformasi dunia kerja setelah pandemi COVID-19 memunculkan model kerja hibrida yang memadukan fleksibilitas kerja jarak jauh dengan kehadiran fisik di kantor. Perubahan ini berdampak signifikan terhadap manajemen sumber daya manusia, khususnya dalam aspek kinerja dan keterlibatan karyawan. Studi ini bertujuan mengevaluasi dampak model kerja hibrida terhadap kedua aspek tersebut. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan menganalisis 38 artikel ilmiah dari berbagai sektor dan negara. Proses analisis dilakukan melalui integrasi pendekatan bibliometrik, pembahasan tematik, dan pemetaan teori, seperti Job Demands-Resources Model, Self-Determination Theory, dan Conservation of Resources Theory. Hasil: Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model kerja hibrida berpotensi meningkatkan produktivitas individu dan keseimbangan kehidupan kerja, namun menghadirkan tantangan seperti kelelahan digital dan bias evaluasi kinerja. Faktor penting yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan model ini adalah gaya kepemimpinan adaptif, dukungan organisasi, dan kualitas komunikasi. Analisis juga menunjukkan pergeseran sistem evaluasi dari berbasis kehadiran ke berbasis hasil. Kesimpulan: Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan model kerja hibrida memerlukan pendekatan strategis dan kontekstual. Intervensi yang direkomendasikan meliputi sistem penilaian berbasis hasil, kebijakan fleksibel yang berorientasi pada kesejahteraan karyawan, serta pengelolaan beban digital. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan kerangka kerja konseptual bagi pengembangan sistem kerja hibrida yang berkelanjutan, inklusif, dan humanistik.
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