Globalisasi Ekonomi dan Dampaknya terhadap Kedaulatan Ekonomi Negara Berkembang
Keywords:
Globalisasi Ekonomi, Kedaulatan Nasional, Negara Berkembang, Kebijakan Ekonomi, Liberalisasi PasarAbstract
Globalisasi ekonomi telah mempercepat integrasi pasar dunia melalui liberalisasi perdagangan, investasi asing langsung, dan perkembangan teknologi informasi. Meskipun membawa peluang pertumbuhan ekonomi bagi negara berkembang, globalisasi juga menimbulkan tantangan serius terhadap kedaulatan ekonomi nasional. Artikel ini menganalisis dampak globalisasi ekonomi terhadap kedaulatan negara berkembang, dengan menyoroti bagaimana kebijakan fiskal, moneter, dan industri menjadi semakin dipengaruhi oleh tekanan eksternal, seperti lembaga keuangan internasional dan korporasi multinasional. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan studi literatur, ditemukan bahwa keterbukaan ekonomi yang berlebihan seringkali melemahkan kapasitas negara dalam melindungi sektor domestik dan menetapkan arah pembangunan nasional secara mandiri. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya strategi adaptif yang mengedepankan kepentingan nasional, termasuk diversifikasi ekonomi, penguatan regulasi domestik, dan diplomasi ekonomi yang berimbang, agar negara berkembang mampu mempertahankan otonomi kebijakan di tengah arus globalisasi.
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